PREFACE
Praise be to Allah, The cherisher and sustainer of the
worlds. God who has been giving His blessing and mercy to the compilers to
complete this paper entitled “Politeness
in Student of Thirth Grade of Elementary School of Ciwulan I”
It is structured to meet the task subjects “Sociolinguistics”. Also as acondition
for getting a good grade in this course.
In the preparation of this material, we involved multiple
stakeholders namely :
1. Yogi Setia Samsi, S.S , as a lecturer in “Sociolinguistics”
that has guided us in the preparation of this task,
2. Our parents who have provided encouragement and support both
morally and materially,
3. Classmates of I class (Fifth Semester) In English Education
Department, Singaperbangsa Karawang University.
We would like to thank those who have helped us in every way,
so that the analysis can be resolved. May Allah reward all their kindness.
Amin.
We realize that this analysis is far from perfect, therefore
criticism and suggestions from all stakeholders that are built for the
perfection we always hoped this paper.
Karawang,
January, 9th 2014
Compiler
CONTENTS
Preface ........................................................................................................... 1
Contents ......................................................................................................... 2
Chapter I.
Introductions ................................................................................ 3
1. 1 Background
/ Rationale...........................................................................
4
1. 2 Research
Problem .................................................................................... 5
1. 3 Objectives
of the study ........................................................................... 6
1. 4 Significances
of the study ....................................................................... 7
1. 5 Research
Metodologi .............................................................................. 8
1. 5.1 Instruments .................................................................................... 9
1. 5.2 Collections of Data ........................................................................ 1
Chapter II.
Theoritical Foundation ................................................................ 8
2. 1 Politeness ................................................................................................ 9
2. 2 Standard of Politeness ........................................................................... 10
2. 3 Politeness Theory ................................................................................... 11
Chapter III.
Analysis Data ............................................................................ 14
3. 1 Analysis Data ......................................................................................... 15
3. 1. 1 Interview / Observation Transcription ......................................... 16
3. 1. 2 Result of Interview and Observation ........................................... 16
3. 2 Profile ..................................................................................................... 16
3. 2. 1 School .......................................................................................... 16
3. 2. 2 Students in Thirth Grade ............................................................. 16
3. 2. 3 Student ( As Interviewy ) ............................................................ 17
Chapter IV.
Finding and Suggestions .......................................................... 16
4. 1 Finding
................................................................................................... 17
4. 2 Suggestions
............................................................................................ 17
Bibliography
.................................................................................................. 18
Attachments .................................................................................................. 19
Chapter I
Introductions
1. 1 Background / Rationale
In the
world of education is also known study of educational
research. This meant that in
educational research would be expected to use appropriate and
effective method to
process data. Moreover, as a student.
This study is aimed at students of 5th semester courses S1 English education. In reply sosiolinguistics course aims to develop students' ability in developing research and learn more about the scientific study of language which became the main material of the course sosiolinguistics.
This study is aimed at students of 5th semester courses S1 English education. In reply sosiolinguistics course aims to develop students' ability in developing research and learn more about the scientific study of language which became the main material of the course sosiolinguistics.
This study
compiled individually to complete the course and
obtain the value of sociolinguistics
final before the
final test. Students are expected to learn to
formulate research that will be useful later
when the final semester as a condition of graduation thesis in English
Education S1 Singaperbangsa
Karawang University.
1. 2 Research Problem
1)
How to know
politeness
third-grade students
in
Elementary School
of Ciwulan
I ?
2)
How
to know standards of politeness
students
in
elementary
school ?
3)
How does
the percentage of
third-grade students
courtesy
Elementary School
of
Ciwulan
I ?
1. 3 Objectives of the study
1)
To know
politeness
third-grade students
in
Elementary School
of Ciwulan
I ?
2)
To know
standards of politeness
students
in
elementary
school ?
3)
To know How does
the percentage of
third-grade students
courtesy
Elementary School
of
Ciwulan
I ?
1. 4 Significances of the study
This paper
in addition to
fulfilling
the task subjects
Sociolinguistics
also
expected to benefit
both
theoretical
and
practical.
Theoretically,
the results of
this
paper
to the study of
Sociolinguistics.
In practical terms,
this paper
is expected
to contribute
knowledge
to the readers.
1. 5 Research Metodologi
1. 5. 1
Instruments
1.
Laptop
2.
Questioner
3.
Tape Recorder (On Handphone)
4.
Blackboard
5.
Marker
1. 5. 2
Collections of Data
1.
Interview
2.
Observation (Questioner)
Chapter II
Theoritical
Foundation
2. 1 Politeness
Politeness is best expressed as the practical
application of good manners or etiquette. It
is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered polite in
one culture can
sometimes be quite rude or simply eccentric in another cultural context.
While the goal of politeness is to
make all of the parties relaxed and comfortable with one another, these
culturally defined standards at times may be manipulated to inflict shame on a designated party.
Anthropologists Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson identified two kinds of politeness,
deriving from Erving Goffman's concept of face:
- Negative politeness:
Making a request less infringing, such as "If you don't mind..."
or "If it isn't too much trouble..."; respects a person's right
to act freely. In other words, deference. There is a greater use of
indirect speech
acts.
- Positive politeness: Seeks to establish a positive
relationship between parties; respects a person's need to be liked and
understood. Direct speech acts, swearing and flouting Grice's
maxims
can
be considered aspects of positive politeness because:
- they
show an awareness that the relationship is strong enough to cope with
what would normally be considered impolite (in the popular understanding
of the term);
- they
articulate an awareness of the other person's values, which fulfills the
person's desire to be accepted.
2. 2 Standart
Politeness
- Expressing uncertainty and
ambiguity through hedging
and indirectness.
- Polite
lying
- Use of euphemisms
(which make use of ambiguity as well as connotation)
- Preferring tag
questions to direct statements, such as
"You were at the store, weren't you?"
- modal tags request information of
which the speaker is uncertain. "You didn't go to the store yet, did
you?"
- affective tags indicate concern
for the listener. "You haven't been here long, have you?"
- softeners reduce the force of
what would be a brusque demand. "Hand me that thing, could
you?"
- facilitative tags invite the
addressee to comment on the request being made. "You can do that,
can't you?"
Some studies have shown that women are
more likely to use politeness formulas than men, though the exact differences
are not clear. Most current research has shown that gender differences in
politeness use are complex, since there is a clear association between
politeness norms and the stereotypical speech of middle class white women, at
least in the UK and US.
It is therefore unsurprising that
women tend to be associated with politeness more and their linguistic behaviour
judged in relation to these politeness norms.
2. 3
Politeness Theory
Chapter III
Analysis
Data
3. 1 Analysis Data
3. 1. 1 Interview / Observation
Transcription
1. Interview
·
Date :
January, 6th 2014
·
Time : 8 – 9 AM
·
Place : In front of
Teachers’ office
·
Interviewy : M. Al Hikam Ibnu Hasby
·
Age :
9 years old
·
Status : Student
·
Class : 3th grade
·
NIS : 111201013
·
Ranking :
1st from 30th students
2. Questioner
Angket Penelitian Tingkat Kesopanan
dalam Berbahasa siswa kelas III di SDN Ciwulan I
Sekolah : ............................................................... Tanggal
: ..................
Nama : ........................................................................... Kelas : ..........
NO
|
PERTANYAAN
|
JAWABAN
|
||||
A
TIDAK
PERNAH
|
B
PERNAH
|
C
JARANG
|
D
SERING
|
E
SANGAT
SERING
|
||
1
|
Seberapa
sering kamu berterimakasih saat mendapat bantuan atau pertolongan?
|
|||||
2
|
Seberapa
sering kamu meminta maaf saat melakukan kesalahan?
|
|||||
3
|
Seberapa
sering kamu mengucap permisi saat melintas dikerumunan orang?
|
|||||
4
|
Seberapa
sering kamu menyapa orang lain saat berpapasan di jalan?
|
|||||
5
|
Seberapa
sering kamu mengucapkan salam saat memasuki ruangan (kelas/rumah)?
|
|||||
3. 1. 2 Result of Interview and
Observation
Interviewer : “ Selamat pagi nak ”
Interviewy : “
Pagi pak ”
Interviewer : “ Bagaimana liburannya ”
Interviewy : “
Menyenangkan pak ”
Interviewer : “
Bapa mau menanyakan beberapa hal tentang kesopanan ”
Interviewy : “
Iya pak ”
Interviewer : “
Pertama, menurutmu banyak tidak anak yang tidak sopan di kelas tiga? ”
Interviewy : “
Banyak pak “
Interviewer : “
3. 2 Profile
3. 2. 1
School
-
Name : Elementary School of Ciwulan I
-
Built :
-
Address :
-
Headmaster :
-
Teachers :
-
Totally Students :
3. 2. 2
Student in Thirth Grade
NOMOR
|
NAMA
|
||
URT
|
INDUK
|
||
1
|
111201001
|
Abdul Salim
|
|
2
|
111201002
|
Ahmad Afifudin
|
|
3
|
111201003
|
Ahmad Sirojudin
|
|
4
|
111201004
|
Alya Nurul F.
|
|
5
|
111201005
|
Alyani Meilani
|
|
6
|
111201006
|
Arum Sari
|
|
7
|
111201007
|
Dede Yusuf
|
|
8
|
111201008
|
Eko Suhada
|
|
9
|
111201009
|
Iwan Kurniawan
|
|
10
|
111201010
|
Komarul Zaman
|
|
11
|
111201011
|
Livia Aidinnuron
|
|
12
|
111201012
|
Marwah
|
|
13
|
111201013
|
M. Al Hikam I. H.
|
|
14
|
111201014
|
M. Ramdani
|
|
15
|
111201015
|
M. Ripaldi
|
|
16
|
111201016
|
Padlan Maulana
|
|
17
|
111201017
|
Parhan Maulana
|
|
18
|
111201018
|
Putri Komala
|
|
19
|
111201019
|
Ratu Candra Kirana
|
|
20
|
111201020
|
Rodiyah
|
|
21
|
111201021
|
Samsudin
|
|
22
|
111201022
|
Sintia Putri
|
|
23
|
111201023
|
Siska Wulandari
|
|
24
|
111201024
|
Siti Nurjulaeha
|
|
25
|
111201025
|
Siti Solihat
|
|
26
|
111201026
|
Sri Rahayu
|
|
27
|
111201027
|
Elysa R.
|
|
28
|
111201028
|
Ali Askari
|
|
29
|
111201029
|
Ma'ruf Zein
|
|
30
|
111201030
|
Anfal Ratu Anisa
|
|
3. 2. 3
Student ( as interviewy )
-
Interviewy : Muhammad Al Hikam Ibnu Hasby
-
Age :
9 years old
-
Parent :
-
Address :
Poponcol - Ciwulan
-
Status :
Student / Captain Class
-
Class :
thirth grade
-
NIS :
111201016
-
Ranking :
1st from 30th students
Chapter IV
Finding and
Suggestions
4. 1 Finding
4. 2 Suggestions
Bibliography
Attachments
Journal of Politeness Research
Language, Behaviour, Culture
Ed. by Grainger, Karen
2 Issues per year
IMPACT FACTOR 2012: 0.8955-year IMPACT FACTOR: 1.902
Rank 40 out of 160 in category Linguistics in the 2012 Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Report/Social Sciences Edition
ERIH category 2011: INT2
Aims and Scope
Contributions to the Journal
of Politeness Research focus on various aspects of politeness as a
complex linguistic and non-linguistic phenomenon. The multidisciplinary journal
broadens and sharpens the understanding of the nature of politeness by
providing a much-needed forum for synergies to develop between researchers
approaching politeness from different disciplinary angles.
The journal also strengthens
and widens the existing cross-cultural and intercultural body of politeness
research by encouraging new contributions from lesser-studied cultures and
languages. Journal of Politeness Research is associated with
the work of the international Linguistic Politeness Research Group (LPRG).
http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jplr
Politeness
Some Universals in Language Usage
Part of Studies
in Interactional SociolinguisticsAuthor :
- Penelope
Brown,
Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik, The Netherlands
- Stephen C.
Levinson,
Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik, The Netherlands
- Date
Published: February 1987
- availability:
Temporarily unavailable - no date available
- format:
Paperback
- isbn:
9780521313551
This study is about the
principles for constructing polite speeches. The core of it first appeared in
Questions and Politeness, edited by Esther N. Goody (now out of print). It is here reissued with a fresh introduction
that surveys the considerable literature in linguistics, psychology and the
social sciences that the original extended essay
stimulated, and suggests distinct directions for research.
The authors describe and
account for some remarkable parallelisms in the linguistic construction of
utterances with which people express themselves in different languages and
cultures. A motive for these parallels is isolated - politeness, broadly
defined to include both polite friendliness and polite formality - and a
universal model is constructed outlining the abstract principles underlying
polite usages. This is based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages
and cultures: the Tamil of South India, the
Tzeltal spoken by Mayan Indians in Chiapas, Mexico, and the English of the USA
and England, supplemented by examples from other cultures.
Underneath the apparent
diversity of polite behaviour in different societies lie some general pan-human
principles of social interaction, and the model of politeness provides a tool
for analysing the quality of social relations in any society. This volume will
be of special interest to students in linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics,
applied linguistics, anthropology, and the sociology and social
psychology of interaction.
Reviews
& endorsements
It has continued to inspire
empirical work as 'the' source on politeness and, more generally, as an
important exemplar in the study of the relationship between language and society. In addition, the broad scope of
their treatment of these concerns has created a work in which many, if not
most, of the assumptions guiding the contemporary study
of language use are to found." Douglas G. Glick, Semiotica (1996)
Understanding
Politeness
Author :
- Dániel Z.
Kádár,
University of Huddersfield
- Michael
Haugh,
Griffith University, Queensland
- Date
Published: September 2013
- availability:
In stock
- format:
Paperback
- isbn:
9781107626942
Politeness is
key to all of our relationships and plays a fundamental part in the way we
communicate with each other and the way we define ourselves. It is not limited
only to conventional aspects of linguistic
etiquette, but encompasses all types of interpersonal behaviour through which
we explore and maintain our relationships. This groundbreaking exploration
navigates the reader through this fascinating area and introduces them to a
variety of new insights.
The book is
divided into three parts and is based on an innovative framework which relies
on the concepts of social practice, time and space.
In this multidisciplinary approach, the authors capture a range of user and
observer understandings and provide a variety of examples from different
languages and cultures. With its reader-friendly style, carefully constructed
exercises and useful glossary, Understanding Politeness will be welcomed by
both researchers and postgraduate students working
on politeness, pragmatics and sociolinguistics more broadly.
Questions and
Politeness Strategies in Social Interaction
Part of Cambridge
Papers in Social AnthropologyAuthor :
- Esther N.
Goody
- Date
Published: March 1978
- availability:
Manufactured on demand: supplied direct from the printer
- format:
Paperback
- isbn:
9780521292504
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